Three Pictures of the Federal GovernmentPicture 1 - The Myth
The picture of the government and trust funds implied by most
political discussions is a myth. The funds are imagined as
some sort of special entity separate from the government.
Picture 2 - The Reality
The reality is quite different from the myth used by politicians to
confuse the electorate and by special interest axe-grinders to
mislead the politicians.
These contractual obligations may be adjusted unilaterally by the
federal government at will. They are obligations in the political
sense. What must be understood is that they are not subject to the
contents of a so-called fund. Bankruptcy of the "funds" is not
meaningful* (see reference at end). The threat of bankruptcy is nothing more than a political
weapon used by scoundrels for their own frightful purposes.
Picture 3 - As It Should Be
Clarity of public understanding would be greatly enhanced if the
accounts, and even the physical structure of the government, were
divided into three distinct parts: Expenses, Capital, and Transfer.
To better describe their functions they are here called Operations,
Growth, and Equity.
The government ought to be viewed as one entity, but with its accounts separated by their nature. Businesses keep separate their short-term expenses and their long-term capital investments. State and local governments sell bonds for specific capital investments and to that degree make the separation. The federal government, for the advantages perceived by politicians, has mixed its accounts. This results in confusion in the public mind. In particular, the government expenditures seem much larger and to be growing much faster than is real. The argument that the government is "crowding out" private investment is invariably based on quoting figures for the total revenues or expenditures of the government. In fact, of course, much of those expenditures are for building and maintaining the necessary infrastructure or are transfers from some people to other people. Such transfers take no net money from the private sector and have only secondary effects on private investment. For many people a bitter pill to swallow, the Equity Budget makes visible what has always been there. This is where corporations go for subsidies and rescue loans, where those who benefit most from the system pay a greater share, where those who are in need come for help. It is, if you wish, the religious budget where the commands of all great religions to care for the needy and share the riches of the earth are obeyed. Or, if you prefer, where the rich take precautions to avoid the revolutionary guillotine. And where the business managers sustain their labor pool during times when they cannot all be employed. It is where the too old and the too young, the too crippled and the too ill are cared for; and those improverished by some malfunction of the system are helped to survive, at least for a time. The Equity Budget is also where tax money is distributed among the States according to their need -- but weighted according to the committee chairmanships of their congressmen. Equality among the States is, in some instances, required by the Equal Protection mandates of the U.S. Constitution. The Expense and Capital budgets should be based, insofar as possible on the principle of payments from those who benefit. Exactness is impossible in this, but the principle is sound. It has long been believed that all benefit from certain functions of government such as defense, education, police, courts, resource and environment protection, fire departments, highways, and airways. The separation of Expense and Capital is, to a degree, arbitrary. Should education be regarded as a capital investment because the payment today is for improved human capital some years in the future? Is an army uniform expense or capital? As a general principle, applicable to any material, it depends on how long it will last.
A set of principles is needed and not too much quarrelling about the
classification - a reasonable division will be far better than no
division. Perfection must not be allowed as the mortal enemy of the
good. This begs for a bi-partisan independent commission to design
an imperfect but greatly improved system.
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